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Subject: RE: FLASH: The time has come... For flash 5 FLAs!
From: .redstar.
Date: Thu, 24 Aug 2000 02:20:29 +0100

Branden,

Superb work, as always. One observation if I may, the 'snowflake fractal'
example is incorrectly attributed to Kotch. The correct name is Koch.

<off topic>
Niels Fabian Helge von Koch
Born: 25 Jan 1870 in Stockholm, Sweden
Died: 11 March 1924 in Danderyd, Stockholm, Sweden
Von Koch was a student of Mittag-Leffler at Stockholm University.
Von Koch's first results were on infinitely many linear equations in
infinitely many unknowns.
In 1891 he wrote the first of two papers on applications of infinite
determinants to solving systems of differential equations with analytic
coefficients. The methods he used were based on those published by Poincaré
about six years earlier.
The second of von Koch's papers was published in 1892, the year in which von
Koch was awarded a doctorate for his thesis which contained the results of
the two papers.
Von Koch was awarded a doctorate in mathematics by Stockholm University on
26 May 1892.
Between the years 1893 and 1905 von Koch had several appointments as an
assistant professor of mathematics. In 1905 Von Koch was appointed to the
chair of pure mathematics at the Royal Technological Institute in Stockholm.
In July 1911 von Koch succeeded Mittag-Leffler as professor of mathematics
at Stockholm University.
Von Koch is famous for the Koch curve which appears in his paper "Une
méthode géométrique élémentaire pour l'étude de certaines questions de la
théorie des courbes plane" published in 1906. This is constructed by
dividing a line into three equal parts and replacing the middle segment by
the other two sides of an equilateral triangle constructed on the middle
segment. Repeat on each of the (now 4) segments. Repeat indefinitely. It
gives a continuous curve which is of infinite length and nowhere
differentiable. If one starts with an equilateral triangle and applies the
construction, one gets the von Koch snowflake (sometimes called the von Koch
star) as the limit of the construction.
The von Koch snowflake is a continuous curve which does not have a tangent
at any point. Von Koch's 1906 paper mainly consists of a proof of this fact.
He also shows in the paper that there are two functions f and g which are
both nowhere differentiable such that the snowflake curve is
x = f(t), y = g(t) where -1 <= t <= 1.
The first person to give an example of an analytic construction of a
function which is continuous but nowhere differentiable was Weierstrass. At
the end of his paper, von Koch gives a geometric construction, based on the
von Koch curve, of such a function which he also expresses analytically.
Von Koch also wrote papers on number theory, in particular he wrote several
papers on the prime number theorem such as "Sur la distribution des nombres
premiers" in 1901 and "Contribution à la théorie des nombres premiers" in
1910.
</offtopic>

.redstar.



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